جهان اسلام

MUSLIM WORLD

جهان اسلام یا اُمَّتِ اسلام ( به عربی: �العالم الإسلامی� یا �الأمة الإسلامیة� ) اصطلاحی است برای سرزمین هایی که بیش از پنجاه درصد مردم آن پیرو دین اسلام باشند. پیروان اسلام بیش از یک میلیارد و هشتصد میلیون نفر تخمین زده می شوند که پیرو آیین محمد فرزند عبدالله از مردمان حجاز و آیینی با قدمت بیش از ۱۴۴۰ سال ( سال قمری ) هستند. مسلمانان جهان در اعتقاد به پیامبری محمد بن عبدالله به عنوان آخرین پیامبر آسمانی ( خاتم الانبیاء ) ، قرآن ( کتاب مقدس اسلام ) ، قبله و بسیاری از احکام شریعت اسلام، اشتراک عقیده دارند. بیشتر کشورهای اسلامی در خاورمیانه، آسیای میانه، شمال آفریقا، و جنوب شرقی آسیا هستند. اندونزی پرجمعیت ترین کشور اسلامی است. همهٔ کشورهای اسلامی در سازمان کنفرانس کشورهای اسلامی عضویت دارند. اکثر کشورهای جهان اسلام آمار پایینی در مردم سالاری و آمار بالایی در استبداد، تمامیت خواهی، یکّه سالاری و خودکامگی دارند.

Muslim - majority countries, states, districts, or towns

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religions beliefs and laws of Islam, or to societies where Islam is practiced.

In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries where Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim - majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.

The history of the Muslim world spans about 1, 400 years and includes a variety of socio - political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, philosophy, and technology, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age. All Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post - colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular and as well as religious trends.

As of 2013, the combined GDP ( nominal ) of 49 Muslim majority countries was US$5. 7 trillion, As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. As of 2015, 1. 8 billion or about 24. 1% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East - North Africa ( MENA ) , 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub - Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia–Oceania, around 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.

Most Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam ( 93. 5% ) and Shia ( 6. 5% ) , However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi ( primarily in Oman ) . About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim - majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub - Saharan Africa and West Africa. Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus and widespread in Southeast Asia. India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim - majority countries. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest - growing major religion in the world.

Terminology
In a modern geopolitical sense, the terms 'Muslim world' and 'Islamic world' refer to countries where Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. Some scholars and commentators have criticised the term 'Muslim/Islamic world' and its derivative terms 'Muslim/Islamic country' as "simplistic" and "binary", since no state has a religiously homogeneous population ( e. g. Egypt's citizens are c. 10% Christians ) , and in absolute numbers, there are sometimes fewer Muslims living in countries where they make up the majority than in countries where they form a minority. Hence, the term 'Muslim - majority countries' is often preferred in literature.